![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c8df13_f24ba4873d104066a2c52da88f285264~mv2_d_4752_3168_s_4_2.jpg/v1/fill/w_462,h_308,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/c8df13_f24ba4873d104066a2c52da88f285264~mv2_d_4752_3168_s_4_2.jpg)
Principles of Instruction and Learning
Knowledge Base
A portfolio created by Autumn Elniski.
What is an Observational Checklist?
​
An observational checklist is a group of items an observer can use to assess the learning and instruction occurring in a learning situation, such as a classroom. They are designed with objectivity in mind in that they should be applicable to any learning environment and situation. They are influenced by the learning theory that the observer prescribes to. The following observational checklist was created with the Behaviorist perspective and lists different observations to look for based on some of the principles of learning described by Behaviorism.
The Environment is Conducive to Learning
Strongly Agree
​
Agree
​
Disagree
​
Strongly Disagree
-
Clear of Distractions – supports stronger relationships between stimuli and reinforcements
-
Engaging the students – promotes active participation in the learning facilitated by the instructor
The Learning Objectives are Defined and Measurable
Strongly Agree
​
Agree
​
Disagree
​
Strongly Disagree
-
Objectives for learning are presented prior to the facilitation of the lesson so learners know what is expected of them
-
Objectives indicate a terminal behavior, for the lesson, the overarching unit, and/or the course
-
Objectives are realistically obtainable for the learners in the group
The Instructor Demonstrates the Desired Behavior Relating to the Learning Objectives
Strongly Agree
​
Agree
​
Disagree
​
Strongly Disagree
-
The instructor uses models, videos, example problems, and other materials to demonstrate the behavior learners need to be able to perform to reach the terminal behavior required at the lesson
-
The instructor engages the learners with stimuli, such as questions, and gauges their response/behavior to adjust their demonstration if needed
-
The instructor demonstrates content and material in a way that is easy for learners to follow and comprehend throughout the lesson
The Content is Presented in Chunks
Strongly Agree
​
Agree
​
Disagree
​
Strongly Disagree
-
Learners are given materials in easily digestible pieces that are broken down and presented in a logical sequence
-
Learners are assessed on the individual chunks of content that are presented to them
Learners have the Opportunity to Practice Materials Presented to Them:
Strongly Agree
​
Agree
​
Disagree
​
Strongly Disagree
-
Source materials and content are made easily accessible to learners so that they can practice the desired response and work with the material when needed
-
Additional practice is provided for students who are in need of assistance with a chunk of content
Reinforcement and Feedback are Provided for Students as They Work with the Materials and Move Towards Desired Terminal Behaviors for the Lesson
Strongly Agree
​
Agree
​
Disagree
​
Strongly Disagree
-
Reinforcement is consistent depending upon the schedule the instructor uses
-
Reinforcement is universal; positive reinforcers (such as candy, points, stars, or a combination) are appealing to all learners to better increase their responses towards the terminal behavior
-
All students have equal opportunity to receive reinforcers for their responses and the distribution of reinforcers is equitable (the same students are not called on every time)
-
If non-material reinforcement (such as praise) is used, the praise is consistent with all students and meets their needs of a pleasant reinforcer (i.e., some students prefer praise in private, some in public, and those needs are met by the instructor)
Feedback is Provided for Each Student and Each Assessment Regardless of the Answer Correctness
Strongly Agree
​
Agree
​
Disagree
​
Strongly Disagree
-
Feedback used for correct answers utilizes positive reinforcers, such as praise, to support the learner response
-
Feedback for incorrect answers is encouraging and constructive and does not belittle the learner that answered incorrectly
If Punishments are Used in the Classroom, they are Consistent, Stimulating, and Constructive
Strongly Agree
​
Agree
​
Disagree
​
Strongly Disagree
-
Physical and psychological abuse is never used as punishment in the classroom
-
Punishments are consistent with the response that caused them (not occasional) and the reasoning for the punishment is always provided to better promote behavior decrease and understanding in the learner